The atom-to-atom spacing on a crystaline silicon surface is on the order of 0.5 nm*. The smaller your transistors, the more you can fit on a chip, and the faster and more efficient your processor can be. These nanometer values don’t actually represent the size of the transistor, but rather the fabrication technology used to manufacture them.
They follow the old scaling rules and continue on their merry way, reduced by about the [math]\sqrt{2}[/math] in each generation. Dependence on Feature Size Gary Drake Argonne National Laboratory University of Chicago Workshop Apr. Transistor size is an important part of improving computer technology. A long time ago, the gate pitch of a Transistor was same as the Fabrication Technology (nm value), but this is not the case anymore. Today’s transistors are about 70 silicon atoms wide, so the possibility of making them even smaller is itself shrinking. It refers to a rough correspondence to feature size on the IC chip that is printed when the chip is made. That puts a theoretical limit on the channel length** of ~ 1 nm. For more than a decade, engineers have been eyeing the finish line in the race to shrink the size of components in integrated circuits. Depending on the crystal orientation ** The length used to characterize a CMOS process The numbers are no longer connected directly to things like gate length or half pitch. 29, 2011 ... W/L – defines transistor size ... 22 nm 28 nm 32 nm 45 nm 65 nm 65 nm 90 nm 90 nm … Silicon’s atomic size is about 0.2 nanometers. They knew that the laws of physics had set a 5-nanometer threshold on the size of transistor gates among conventional semiconductors, about one-quarter the size of high-end 20-nanometer-gate transistors now on the market.
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